01
Model authority explicitly
Roles alone are often insufficient. Authority may depend on scope, current status, qualification, evidence and separation of duties.
Regulated systems answer
How do you build software for regulated operations?
Software for regulated operations begins by mapping obligations to concrete system behaviour. The design defines who may act, which evidence is required, which rules are deterministic, how exceptions escalate and what must be recorded. Testing then verifies both normal workflows and the conditions that the system must refuse.
02
Preserve decision context
An effective evidence model records why a decision was available and which inputs supported it, not only that a database row changed.
03
Test the refusal paths
Verification should prove the system blocks unauthorised, incomplete or unsafe actions. These negative paths often matter more than the ideal journey.
Start with the operation